中华绒螯蟹“六月黄”与成蟹肝胰腺营养成分比较

Comparison on major nutritional quality in hepatopancreas tissues between the June-caught and adult Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

摘要:

对同一年度、同一饲养环境下的中华绒螯蟹“六月黄”和后期成蟹雌、雄个体肝胰腺组织的营养成分进行了测定和比较分析。结果显示,“六月黄”的肥满度与雌性成蟹间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但肝胰腺指数极显著高于成蟹(P<0.01)。“六月黄”肝胰腺中水分和灰分的含量极显著高于成蟹(P<0.01),而粗脂肪含量极显著低于成蟹(P<0.01),两种蟹的粗蛋白质含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在检测到的17种氨基酸中,除“六月黄”雄蟹肝胰腺中丙氨酸的含量显著低于其雌蟹及雌、雄成蟹外(P<0.05),其他16种氨基酸在“六月黄”与成蟹间均不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。“六月黄”和成蟹的肝胰腺中含量最高的4种脂肪酸均为C18:1n9c、C18:2n6c、C16:0和C16:1,其总和分别占“六月黄”和成蟹肝胰腺中总脂肪酸的72.13%和69.02%(雌、雄蟹平均值)。“六月黄”的饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于成蟹(P<0.05),但其单不饱和脂肪酸总量(ΣMUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸总量(ΣPUFA)均显著高于成蟹(P<0.05)。“六月黄”肝胰腺中Σn-6 PUFA的含量也极显著高于成蟹(P<0.01),而Σn-3 PUFA含量二者不存在显著差异,因此“六月黄”的Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA比率(1.42~1.44)低于成蟹(0.85~0.92)。结果表明,从总体上看,“六月黄”的营养价值较高,其肝胰腺的营养品质好于成蟹,“六月黄”养殖具有一定的产业发展前景。

Abstract:

The June-caught crab is traditionally known as Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) caught for sailing in the Lunar June, which displays high nutritional quality in hepatopancreas tissues during its fast growth period. In this study, the nutritional quality in hepatopancreas tissues was analyzed and compared between the June-caught crab and adult crab in the same rearing conditions in 2020. The results showed that there was no significant difference in condition factor between them, but the June-caught crab was higher (P<0.01) in hepatopancreas index than adult crab. The moisture and ash contents were higher (P<0.01), while total lipid contents was lower (P<0.01) in the June-caught crab than those in the adult crab. Except for alanine (Ala) was lower in the June-caught male crab (P<0.01) than those in the male and female crabs, the other 16 amino acids and crude protein contents were all no significant differences among them. The top four kinds of amino acids (C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C16:0 and C16:1) accounted for 72.13% amount of fatty acid composition in the June-caught crab and 69.02% in the adult crab. The amount of saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) was lower (P<0.05), but the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) was higher (P<0.05) in the June-caught crab compared to the adult crab. Meanwhile, the amount of Σn-6 PUFA in the June-caught crab was higher (P<0.01) compared with the adult crab, but the amount of Σn-6 PUFA was no significant difference between them, resulting in the ratio of Σn-6 /Σn-3 PUFA was relatively lower in the June-caught crab (1.42~1.44) than the adult crab (0.85~0.92). Furthermore, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in all the nutritional quality indexes between the male and female June-caught crabs. Briefly, the June-caught crab showed high nutritional values, and higher nutritional quality in hepatopancreas tissue than the adult crab, indicating its potential development of aquaculture industry in Chinese mitten crab.