光照强度、温度及海水类型对卤虫(Artemia saline)卵孵化率和幼体存活率的影响

Effects of light intensity, temperature and seawater type on hatchability and survival rate of Artemia saline

摘要:

为提高室内循环水养殖环境下卤虫(Artemia saline)的存活率和稳定的产出率,研究了光照强度、温度及海水类型对卤虫卵孵化率和幼体存活率的影响。通过单因素方差分析方法研究不同光照强度下的卤虫卵孵化率,设置0、1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000、5 000 lx共6种光照强度,每种强度设置4个重复组,结果显示,6种光照强度下的孵化率依次为(5.12±2.18)%、(55.68±4.73)%、(59.66±13.04)%、(62.50±19.51)%、(48.29±10.06)%、(38.07±11.04)%,光照强度对孵化率具有极显著影响(P＜0.01),在光照强度3 000 lx下孵化率最高。采用双因素方差分析法研究温度及海水类型对孵化后6、24、48 h时卤虫幼体存活率的影响,并对不同水平组合下的均数进行多重比较,双因素交叉分组试验设置2种温度[A₁(25.17±0.51)℃、A₂(32.03±1.04)℃],5种海水类型[B₁(卤水)、B₂(卤水+自来水)、B₃(海水晶+自来水)、B₄(海水晶+纯净水)、B₅(天然海水)],每个组合设3个重复组,结果表明,孵化后6 h,温度、海水类型及交互效应对卤虫存活率的影响无显著差异(P>0.05)；24 h时,温度、海水类型及交互效应对卤虫存活率的影响有显著差异(P<0.05),其中海水类型对卤虫存活率的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),A₁B₁、A₂B₂组存活率相同,均为(98.89±1.92)%；48 h时,温度、海水类型及交互效应对卤虫存活率有显著影响(P<0.05),其中A₁B₁存活率最高,为(97.78±1.92)%,A₁B₂其次,为(96.67±3.34)%；A₁B₁与A₁B₂间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合考虑存活率、卤水价格、运输成本、运行损耗等因素,在水温(25.17±0.51)℃下采用卤水+自来水进行卤虫孵化较为经济和便利,适合于循环水养殖条件。

Abstract:

In order to improve the hatchability of Artemia saline eggs and survival rate of A. saline larvae indoor recirculating aquaculture condition, this study investigated the effect of light intensity on A. saline hatchability, as well as the effect of temperature and seawater type on A. saline larvae survival. The results showed that the hatchability of A. saline eggs under 0,1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000 and 5 000 lx of light intensity were (5.12±2.18) %, (55.68±4.73) %, (59.66±13.04) %, (62.50±19.51) %, (48.29±10.06) % and (38.07±11.04) %, respectively. The hatching rate was highest at 3 000 lx, and the results of One-Way ANOVA indicated that light intensity had a significant effect on the hatching rate (P <0.01). In the two-factor experiment, two temperatures were set as A₁ (25.17±0.51) ℃ and A₂(32.03±1.04) ℃, and five seawater types were set as B₁ (brine), B₂ (brine + tap water), B₃ (sea crystal + tap water), B₄ (sea crystal + purified water), and B₅ (natural seawater). The influence of temperature and seawater type on the survival rate of larvae at 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after hatching were studied by the Two-factor Analysis of Variance. The results showed that temperature, seawater type and their interaction had no significant effect on the survival of A. saline at 6 h (P>0.05). At 24 h, temperature, seawater type and their interaction had significant effects on A. saline survival (P<0.05), and the influence of seawater type reached an extremely significant level (P<0.01). The survival rates were highest in A₁B₁ and A₁B₂ treatments, whose survival were both (98.89±1.92) %. At 48 h, temperature, seawater type and their interaction also had significant effects on the survival rate of A. saline (P<0.05). A₁B₁ treatment had the highest survival rate (97.78±1.92) %, followed by A₁B₂ treatment (96.67±3.34) %. There was no significant difference between A₁B₁ and A₁B₂ treatments (P>0.05). Based on these results, and considering brine price, transportation cost, operation loss and other factors, brine + tap water is more economical and convenient than directly using brine to breed A. saline at the temperature of (25.17±0.51) ℃, which is suitable for the conditions of circulating aquaculture.