淡水池塘南美白对虾与鲻鱼生态混养技术研究

Study on the ecological polyculture of Litopenaeus vannamei and Mugil cephalus in freshwater ponds

摘要:

2017、2018年连续2年利用7口0.4 hm² (6亩)对虾养殖池在淡水条件下进行了鲻鱼与南美白对虾混养试验。试验结果:鲻鱼放养规格48~80 g/尾,放养密度为75~225尾/hm²,收获鲻鱼规格为420~520 g/尾。2017年,南美白对虾单养池(对照池)产量为6 090 kg/hm²,6口鱼虾混养池产量分别比对虾单养池高540~1 590 kg/hm²,平均单产提高1 012.5 kg/hm²；2018年对虾单养池产量5 790 kg/hm²,6口混养池南美白对虾产量分别比对虾单养池高795~1 515 kg/hm²,平均单产提高1 170 kg/hm²。2017年6口鱼虾混养池养殖收益分别比对虾单养池高50 100~64 500元/hm²,平均收益提高65 145元/hm²；2018年6口鱼虾混养池的养殖收益分别比对虾单养池高28 500~55 950元/hm²,平均收益提高40 365元/hm²。池塘水质方面,养殖中后期,鱼虾混养池的氨氮、亚硝酸氮等水质指标明显低于对虾单养池。试验结果表明,选择合适的鱼类品种混养在对虾池中,对于改善池塘水质,增加养殖收益具有显著效果。

Abstract:

To explore the rearing technology of ecological polyculture mode of Litopenaeus vannamei and Mugil cephalus under freshwater pond condition, this study investigated the culture performance and water quality of six hybrid farming ponds and one individual farming pond in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that:(1) In 2017, the average L. vannamei yield of six hybrid farming ponds was 1 012.5 kg/hm² higher than that of the individual farming pond (6 090 kg/hm²); In 2018, the average L. vannamei yields of six hybrid farming ponds was 1 170 kg/hm² higher than that of the individual farming pond (5 790 kg/hm²). (2) In 2017, the average unit profit of six hybrid farming ponds was 65 145 CNY/hm² higher than that of the individual farming pond, and the gap was 40 365 CNY/hm² in 2018. (3) In the mid-term and later period of the test, the concentrations of three-state nitrogen in hybrid farming ponds were obviously lower than that in individual farming pond. In conclusion, a suitable hybrid farming mode not only had a high profit, but also had a better purification effect on eutrophic water in pond culture process.