环境激素对鱼类生殖毒性的研究进展

Advances in reproductive toxicity studies of endocrine disruptors on fish

摘要:

文章综述了水环境激素的种类及其对鱼类生殖毒性的常用的研究方法,并以三丁基锡(TBT)和三苯基锡(TPT)等有机锡污染物为例,详述了环境激素对鱼类生殖毒性的研究进展。研究表明,有机锡化合物会导致鱼类性腺结构和功能受损,生殖行为异常,引起雌鱼雄性化,并产生隔代毒性效应。其毒性机理主要是抑制雌激素合成途径关键酶,干扰雌激素核受体基因表达,此外还可能涉及脂毒性、氧化应激反应等其他复杂机制。建议在今后的研究中,加强学科融合,发展新的研究技术手段,开展复杂条件下的生殖毒理研究,结合地区特点和养殖模式开展养殖鱼类生殖毒理研究,不断开展各种新型化合物环境行为和毒理效应研究。

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the methods commonly adopted in studying the reproductive toxicity of endocrine disruptors to fish and the recent achievements in the studies of the toxicological effects of organotin compounds (mainly tributyltin TBT and triphenyltin TPT) on fish reproduction. According to the recently published documents that we have retrieved, TBT and TPT can render deviance in reproductive behavior, cause histological and functional anomalies of gonads, and masculinize the female. The toxic mechanism of TBT revealed in those documents involves the inhibiting activities of the key enzymes catalyzing estrogen synthesis, interfering the expression of nucleus estrogen receptor genes. In addition, lipotoxicity and increased oxidative stress resulted from TBT or TPT exposure also responsible for the reproduction abnormality. It is suggested that further research should, with cross-discipline perspectives, give more emphasis on field study and macroscale study on population or ecological level. Effort should also be made to study the effects of endocrine disruptors, especially those new chemicals of potential endocrine disrupting effect, on major farmed fishes and to develop new technologies that are essential to those studies.