长江、黄河和辽河水系野生中华绒螯蟹子三代成蟹养殖性能和性腺发育的比较研究

Comparative study on culture performance and gonad development of the third generation (G3) of wild-caught Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis from the Yangtze River, Huang River and the Liao River

摘要:

为进一步了解不同水系野生中华绒螯蟹繁育数代后子代的生长性能和生殖蜕壳时间差异,在相同的养殖条件下进行长江、黄河和辽河水系野生中华绒螯蟹人工繁殖并养殖至第三代(G3),系统地比较了长江、黄河和辽河水系野生中华绒螯蟹人工繁育子三代(G3)在成蟹阶段的生长性能、性腺发育及养殖效果。结果显示:(1)在生长性能方面,3个水系G3雌、雄个体在养殖中后期(7—11月)的平均体质量均为长江水系>黄河水系>辽河水系,其中长江水系G3雄体在11月份的平均体质量显著高于辽河水系。(2)在生殖蜕壳和性腺发育方面,3个水系G3雌、雄个体在各采样时间点的生殖蜕壳率和性腺指数(GSI)差异情况基本一致,均为长江水系<黄河水系<辽河水系,其中辽河水系G3雄体在8月15日和8月30日的生殖蜕壳率显著较高,辽河水系G3雌体在10月20日的性腺指数显著较高。(3)从最终养殖效果看,3个水系G3个体在成活率、单位产量和饲料系数等方面均无显著性差异,仅长江水系G3雄体平均体质量显著高于辽河水系(P<0.05)。结果表明,长江水系G3在成蟹阶段的生长性能优于辽河水系,而性腺发育速度慢于辽河水系,黄河水系G3个体居于长江水系和辽河水系之间。

Abstract:

The study was aimed to evaluate the growth, gonad development and culture performance of the third generation (G3) of wild-caught Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) from the Yangtze River (YR), Huang River (HR) and Liao River (LR). The results showed that:(1) The levels of growth performance like average body and weight gain rate (WGR) tended to be different during July and November in the following order:YR > HR > LR, and the average body weight of male crabs in the YR basin was significantly higher than LR individuals in November. (2) For puberty molting and gonad development, puberty molting rate and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of crabs from different basins both showed the order of YR < HR < LR. Among them, GSI were significantly higher in the males of LR basin in August 15 and August 30, and were significantly higher in the females of LR basin in October 20. (3) There were no significant differences in survival rate, yield and feed conversion ratio among crabs from different basins, the only significant difference was observed in average body weight that males in the YR population was significantly higher than the LR population (P < 0.05). In conclusion, although YR individuals exhibited better growth performance than LR individuals, its gonad development was slower than LR individuals. The growth performance and gonad development of crabs in the HR basin laid between YR and LR basins.