两种配合饲料对美洲鲥幼鱼生长、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶的影响

Effect of two kinds of feeds on the growth,digestive enzyme activity and non-specific immunity of juvenile Alosa sapidissima

摘要:

为探究普通膨化配合饲料和特种绿色膨化配合饲料对美洲鲥幼鱼生长特性、消化能力和非特异性免疫力的影响,以人工繁育的初始体质量为(2.81±0.61)g的美洲鲥幼鱼为研究对象,进行了为期56 d的饲养试验,并测定了幼鱼的生长和酶活指标。试验结果显示:普通膨化配合饲料组(CF组)美洲鲥幼鱼体质量的增长速度快于特种绿色膨化配合饲料组(SF组),CF组幼鱼的体质量特定增长率和肥满度均显著大于SF组(P<0.05),饲料系数则显著小于SF组(P<0.05),CF组和SF组幼鱼的摄食率分别为3.31%/d、3.38%/d,成活率分别为98.50%、98.83%,两组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)；消化酶方面,CF组幼鱼的淀粉酶(AMS)和脂肪酶(LPS)活力均显著大于SF组(P<0.05),而胃蛋白酶(PPS)活力显著小于SF组(P<0.05),两组间胰蛋白酶(TPS)活力无显著性差异(P>0.05)；非特异性免疫酶方面,SF组幼鱼的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著大于CF组(P<0.05),两组间的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,投喂普通膨化配合饲料可提高美洲鲥幼鱼的体质量特定增长率和肥满度,降低饲料系数,并可显著提高幼鱼对淀粉和脂肪的消化能力,对其生长有促进作用,但对提升幼鱼的非特异性免疫力无明显效果；投喂特种绿色膨化配合饲料可提高美洲鲥幼鱼的非特异性免疫力,但对其生长无明显促进作用。

Abstract:

A 56-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth,digestive enzyme activity and non-specific immunity of captive-bred juvenile A. sapidissima[(2.81±0.61) g] fed either common puffed formula feed(CF) or special green puffed formula feed(SF).The results showed that the average body weights of juvenile A. sapidissima in CF treatment were always significantly higher than that of SF treatment throughout the feeding trial,and the specific gain rate(SGR) and fatness were also significantly higher in CF treatment at the harvest(P<0.05).For digestive enzymes activity,the activity of amylase(AMS) and lipase(LPS) were significantly higher in CF treatment,while the activity of pepsin(PPS) was significantly higher in SF treatment(P<0.05).For non-specific immunity,the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was significantly higher in SF treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,the special green puffed formula feed could enhance the non-specific immunity but negatively affect the growth and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile A. sapidissima when comparing to common puffed formula feed.