浙江省海水贝类养殖潜力分析

Potentiality analysis on marine shellfish aquaculture in Zhejiang Province

摘要:

我国海水养殖贝类以具有显著碳汇功能的滤食性贝类为主,发展贝类养殖可助力实现我国“双碳”目标。文章基于2003—2021年我国沿海省份海水贝类养殖产业数据,经数据包络分析(DEA)模型分析后认为,浙江省海水贝类产业综合技术效率均值较低,但是全要素生产率处于上升状态,且规模报酬在递增,应及时扩大养殖规模以获得更多的产出。文章还结合浙江省海洋生态系统自然禀赋特征,开展了浙江省海水贝类养殖潜力研究,结果表明,浙江省拥有广阔的滩涂、海湾和开敞海域,上升流和较高浓度的营养盐使得浮游植物丰度高,为贝类养殖提供了丰富的天然饵料,但在实际发展中,浙江省海水贝类养殖受限于开阔海域风暴潮影响贝类筏式养殖安全、半封闭海湾电厂和港口建设等开发活动限制养殖空间和效率、互花米草等外来物种挤占滩涂底播贝类养殖空间,以及养殖活动与全社会经济发展的冲突等,浙江省海水贝类养殖发展中需着重突破以上限制壁垒。

Abstract:

The marine shellfish aquaculture in our country mainly consists of filter-feeding shellfish with significant carbon sink capacity,and the development of shellfish aquaculture can help realize the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The structure of marine shellfish aquaculture in Zhejiang Province is unique,with larger shellfish aquaculture area in intertidal zone.The raft aquaculture area of shellfish is small,but the yield is higher than that in intertidal zone in Zhejiang Province.The production of Arcidae,Pharellidae,Mytilidae and Ostreidae in Zhejiang Province accounted for 42.98%,37.03%,27.46% and 4.58% of national production and ranking the 1^st,1^st,2^nd and 6^th respectively.Based on the data of marine shellfish aquaculture industry in China’s coastal provinces from 2003 to 2021,the results after data envelopment analysis(DEA) model analyzing showed that although the average comprehensive technical efficiency of marine shellfish industry in Zhejiang Province was low,the total factor productivity was on the rise with increasing returned to scale.Therefore,the aquaculture scale should be expanded in time to obtain more output.Combined with the natural characteristics of marine ecosystem in Zhejiang Province,this article also carried out a study on the potential of marine shellfish culture in Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the areas of intertidal zones,bays and open sea in Zhejiang Province were relatively vast,and the abundant phytoplankton induced by upwelling currents and high concentrations of nutrients provide rich natural food for shellfish aquaculture.However,the shellfish aquaculture area in intertidal zone was limited by alien species like Spartina alterniflora,and the aquaculture space and efficiency were also limited by power plant,port construction and other anthropogenic activities in bays,furthermore,the safety of aquaculture was affected by storm surge in open sea areas.Therefore,it is necessary to break through the above limitation barriers in the future development of marine shellfish aquaculture in Zhejiang Province.