不同复方制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫、代谢能力和肠道组织结构的影响
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山东省海洋科学研究院

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国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48); 山东省虾蟹产业技术体系(SDAIT-13)


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    摘要:

    【目的】本实验旨在研究不同复方制剂对工厂化养殖凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫、代谢能力和肠道组织结构的影响。【方法】将初始体质量(2±0.2) g 的 2 250 尾凡纳滨对虾随机分为3个组,每组 3 个平行,每个平行250尾。其中对照组0无添加, 实验组1添加多肽+氨基酸+芽孢杆菌,实验组2添加大蒜提取物+肉桂提取物+菊苣提取物+芽孢杆菌,添加量为3 g/kg基础饲料,30 d养殖周期结束后,通过对虾生长指标、肌肉营养成分、血清非特异性免疫酶和代谢酶活性以及肠道组织结构的变化来阐述复方制剂应用的意义。【结果】结果表明,复方制剂均可显著提高对虾增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),且复方制剂2效果更好;实验组对虾肌肉粗蛋白质和呈味氨基酸含量均提高,其中复方制剂1效果更好(P<0.05)。实验组对虾血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)、溶菌酶(Lysozyme,LSZ)、一氧化氮合成酶(nitricoxidesynthase, NOS)活性较对照组均呈现增强趋势,其中复方制剂2差异显著(P<0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase, AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase, ACP)活性呈降低现象(P<0.05)。血清代谢酶谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase, GS)活性升高,其中复方制剂1组差异显著(P<0.05);苹果酸脱氢酶(Malate Dehydrogenase, MDH)活性下降,且无显著差异(P>0.05);己糖激酶(Hexokinase, HK)活性与对照组比较均无显著差异(P<0.05)。肠道组织HE染色结果显示,复方制剂均可改善对虾肠道组织结构排列,降低绒毛层脱落现象,具有积极的促肠道健康的作用。【结论】在工厂化养殖系统中添加3 g/kg该复方制剂可促进凡纳滨对虾生长,提高非特异性免疫酶活性和代谢能力,优化肠道组织结构,综合提高对虾免疫水平,为病害防控和健康养殖提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary different supplementation on the growth, non-specific immunity, metabolic ability and intestinal tissue structure of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) in the industrial aquaculture. [Method ] This study focused on 2 250 L. vannamei with an initial body weight of (2±0.2) g and randomly divided them into 3 groups, each group with 3 replicates, and each replicate with 250 L. vannamei. The control diet contained unsupplemental basic feed, the experimental diets 1 contained peptides+amino acids+Bacillus, the experimental diets 2 contained Allium sativum L. + Cinnamomum cassia(L.) + Cichorium intybus L.extracts + Bacillus, the addition amount was 3 g/kg basic feed. After a 30 day feeding trial, the significance of supplemental diets was evaluated through changes in shrimp growth indicators, muscle nutrition, non-specific immune enzyme and metabolic enzyme activity in serum, and intestinal tissue structure. [Results] The results showed that the supplemental diets could significantly increase the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of shrimp (P<0.05), and supplemental diet 2 was better. The supplemental diets could increase the crude protein and flavor amino acid content, with supplemental diet 1 having a better effect (P<0.05). The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LSZ) and nitricoxidesynthase (NOS) in shrimp serum showed an increasing trend compared to the control group,gtoup 2 showed a significant difference (P<0.05); but the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) decreased (P<0.05). The results of metabolic enzyme activity showed that the activity of glutamine synthase (GS) was increased with a significant difference in supplemental diet 1 (P<0.05). The activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) showed a decreasing trend, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in hexokinase (HK) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The HE results of intestinal tissue showed that the supplemental diets could improve the structure arrangement of intestinal tissue, reduce the shedding of villous layer, and has a positive effect on promoting intestinal health of shrimp. [Conclusion] The 3 g/kg supplemental diets can promote the growth, improve activities of non-specific immunoenzymes and metabolic abilities, optimize intestinal tissue structure of L. vannamei, indirectly improve shrimp immunity, and provide theoretical basis for disease prevention and healthy aquaculture.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-18
  • 最后修改日期:2024-03-18
  • 录用日期:2024-04-28
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